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See how people have imagined life on Mars through history. See More. United States Change. So, if it is cooler as you head up, why does this peridotite melt to form basalt? Well, that is where you need to stop thinking about how to heat the rock to melting but rather how to change the rock's melting point solidus. Think about our ice analogy. During the winter, there are a lot of times where you'd like to get rid of that.
So, what do you do? One solution is to get that ice to melt at a lower temperature by disrupting the bonding between the H2O molecules -- thus, halting the formation of rigid ice. For a rock, water behaves as its salt. Add water into a mantle peridotite and it will melt at a lower temperature because the bonds in the minerals that make up the rock will be disrupted by the water molecule we call it a "network modifier".
In a subduction zone like the Cascades or the Andes , where an oceanic plate slides down under another plate, that downgoing slab releases its water as it heats up. That water then rises up into the mantle above it, causing it to melt at a lower temperature and, bam! Basalt is produced in the process called flux melting. The largest volcanic system on Earth is the mid-ocean ridge system , where you don't have any subduction to bring water down into the mantle to help melting along. You might be surprised.
Get outside and take a look around. Check your backyard. Walk around the block. Go for a bike ride. How many different colors of rocks can you find? Find as many as you can and create a rock collage to show your friends and family members the varieties of colored rocks you can find close to home! Have you ever heard of a pet rock? They were a popular fad many, many years ago. Ask adult friends and family members about them.
Some people will surely remember how popular they were at one time. Guess what? You can make them popular again. Just go out and find a really nice rock that appeals to you. Does it have a nice shape? Do you like the way it feels? Is it your favorite color? Find a home for your pet rock. You could use a box or just a shelf in your room. You can even name your pet rock and write its name on its side if you want.
It's up to you. You're the boss! What will you do with your pet rock? Take it for a walk? Play with it outside? The only limit is your imagination! Want to have some fun and be artistic and creative at the same time?
Jump online and follow the instructions for How To Make a Rock. That's right! Using just a few simple ingredients, such as sand, pebbles, glue, and a disposable cup, you can make your very own custom rock.
What colors will you use? What different types of pebbles and sand can you find to be part of your rock? Get your friends to do this fun project alongside you.
They'll think this activity rocks! Did you get it? Test your knowledge. What are you wondering? Wonder Words rock color slab range dull paint endless mineral unique estimate wavelength atomic seemingly array composition impurities absorption graphite Take the Wonder Word Challenge. Join the Discussion. Nov 23, Mar 12, Dec 7, May 3, Awesome, Jonah! Thanks for being such a great Wonder Friend! Joseph Mar 30, Luke Mar 21, I have to agree with you there Joseph keep up the good work.
Mar 22, Mar 30, Thanks, Joseph! We are so glad you enjoyed this one! Dec 9, Hello there, bob! Thanks for visiting Wonderopolis! Lisely Oct 12, Oct 13, It's great to hear from you, Lisely! Thanks for commenting. Madison Mar 4, I personally love colorful rocks and minerals! Mar 4, We agree, Madison! Do you have any favorite types? I love beutiful colorful rocks! I collcet them! Gabriel Feb 24, How heavy is the world's biggest rock? Where is it located? Feb 26, Feb 9, I personally like rocks.
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