His ideas is absorbing, spreading and developing along with the conquered by Rome. Greece is kind of materialism, they barely believe the world in the mental, they prefer the world is all made by material instead. All the art work is the best example of Greece philosophy of life. The Greeks valued hospitality highly because of this. We can also learn about what was viewed as immoral or of little value. In addition, reviewing the Greek myths allows us to determine that the Greek society was generally a patriarchal society and agricultural and war were strong elements that shaped the ancient Greek society.
Greek mythology and religion were integral parts of the ancient Greek society. The Greeks followed a polytheist religion in which multiple gods represented various aspects of the nature as well as skills practiced by mankind.
Socrates made the Athenian people more self-critical and aware about the government by asking questions such as: what is justice, what is truth, what is love, and what is knowledge. Questions that Socrates asked are still being asked today due to minimal evolution in human ideas. Socrates also taught other great philosophers such as Aristophanes, Xenophon, and Plato. Not only did Greece have great thinkers, but it also made way for architecture and sports.
Greek architecture has influenced many modern and old buildings, especially with their columns. First, doric columns are special because of their simplicity. By using natural elements, the Greeks were able to construct an area made for acoustics that would be able to reach everyone in the audience. This ingenious creation was then perfected by the Romans as they introduced more aspects to the theatre like the Scaenae Frons and Velas.
The Romans decided to take a more complex approach than that of the Greeks and because of this new features were born. By by building off what the Greeks started it was possible for Vitruvius and other architects to enhance the properties of the theatre, use concrete to connect all aspects of the building and to allow for the best experience to be had by their.
The cultural values of Athens relate to architecture and their religion, while Sparta exemplified warrior values in their cultural values, but both societies shared cultural background rooted in myths and legends.
The Athenian Parthenon was built by architects Iktinos and Kallikrates under the supervision of Pericles. Do you not see how now these flowing-haired Achaeans have built a wall landward of their ships, and driven about it a ditch, and not given to the gods any grand sacrifice? Now the fame of this will last as long as dawnlight is scattered, and men will forget that.
Unlike the Romans, Athenians had a strict but fair schedule that allowed them to enjoy citizenship equally. Today, I will discuss how social and cultural values played a critical role from the Greeks to modern society. The legacy of Greek culture is significant and continues to influence our culture today. The Greeks introduced our modern civilization to numerous ideas and values.
Some of them include. Each type of revival style was associated with a specific architect, for instance, A. The revivals of the ancient architecture influenced the architectural designs of many architects of the time. Two of the most noted architects in the nineteenth century who were influenced by the architectural revivals were: Richard Morris Hunt, the leading architect to the Beaux Art style; and Henry Hobson Richardson. The Geek artifacts have demonstrated unique and ageless artisanship.
From the buildings to the paintings, the pieces of ancient artifacts indicate symbolic meanings of the ancient Greek society. The citizens nurtured this practice over particular periods in since the history of its existence. Due to the advanced techniques of dating ancient material, scientists have gathered more information about Greece than any other time.
As such, this essay discusses the importance of understanding Greek art , architecture, and how its expressions reflect essential characteristics of the Greek culture. Several buildings of the past Greek dynasties stand to date. These buildings demonstrate particular characteristics about the people back then.
They fell into two categories — Doric and Ionic Neer, The Doric type was common in the mainland Greece whereas the Ionic structures filled the cities of Ionia.
Over time, the various events that rocked the ancient country destroyed some of its structures. One of them; however, stands tall albeit derelict. The Parthenon , made or marble was built to house the goddess Athena — the goddess of wisdom.
Similar buildings were put up to honor the various Greek gods. These structures denoted how religious the society was back then. Classical Greek Architecture. Like most Greek visual art , building design reached its apogee during the Classical period, as the two main styles or "orders" of Greek architecture, the Doric and the Ionic, came to define a timeless, harmonious, universal standard of architectural beauty.
The Doric style was the more formal and austere - a style which predominated during the 4th and 5th centuries - while the Ionic was more relaxed and somewhat decorative - a style which became more popular during the more easy-going Hellenistic era.
Note: The Ionic Order later gave rise to the more ornate Corinthian style. The highpoint of ancient Greek architecture was arguably the Acropolis , the flat-topped, sacred hill on the outskirts of Athens. The first temples, erected here during the Archaic period, were destroyed by the Persians in , but when the city-state entered its golden age c. Most of the new buildings the Parthenon, the Propylaea were designed according to Doric proportions, though some included Ionic elements Temple of Athena Nike, the Erechtheum.
The Acropolis was added to, several times, during the Hellenistic and Roman eras. The Parthenon , remains the supreme example of classical Greek religious art. In its day, it would have been embellished with numerous wall-paintings and sculptures, yet even relatively devoid of adornment it stands as an unmistakeable monument to Greek culture. The biggest temple on the Acropolis hill, it was designed by Ictinus and Callicrates , and dedicated to the Goddess Athena.
It originally housed a colossal multi-coloured statue entitled Athena the Virgin Athena Parthenos , whose skin was sculpted by Phidias from ivory and whose clothes were created from gold fabric. Like all temples, the Parthenon was decorated throughout with architectural sculpture like reliefs and friezes, as well as free-standing statues, in marble, bronze and chryselephantine. In , the art collector and antiquarian Lord Elgin controversially shipped a large quantity of the Parthenon's marble sculpture the " Elgin Marbles " to the British Museum in London.
Classical Greek Sculpture. In the history of sculpture , no period was more productive than the years between and BCE. During the era as a whole, there was a huge improvement in the technical ability of Greek sculptors to depict the human body in a naturalistic rather than rigid posture.
Anatomy became more accurate and as a result statues started to look much more true-to-life. Also, bronze became the main medium for free-standing works due to its ability to maintain its shape, which permitted the sculpting of even more natural-looking poses.
Subjects were broadened to include the full panoply of Gods and Goddesses, along with minor divinities, an extensive range of mythological narratives, and a diverse selection of athletes. Other specific developments included: the introduction of a Platonic "Canon of Proportions", to create an idealized human figure, and the invention of contrapposto.
During the Late Classical era, the first respectable female nudes appeared. Among the best known sculptors of the period, were: Myron fl. These artists worked mainly in marble, bronze, occasionally wood, bone, and ivory. Stone sculpture was carved by hand from a block of marble or a high-quality limestone, using metal tools. Bronze sculpture was considered to be superior, not least because of the extra cost of bronze, and were typically cast using the lost wax method.
Even more expensive was chryselephantine sculpture which was reserved for major cult statues. Ivory carving was another specialist genre, for small-scale, personal works, as was wood-carving.
As mentioned above, the Parthenon was a typical example of how the Greeks used sculpture to decorate and enhance their religious buildings. Originally, the Parthenon's sculptures fell into three groups. Despite being badly damaged, the Parthenon sculptures reveal the supreme artistic ability of their creators. Above all, they - like many other classical Greek sculptures - reveal an astonishing sense of movement as well as a noted realism of the human body.
The greatest sculptures of the Classical era include: Leonidas, King of Sparta c. Compare: Early Roman Art c. Classical Greek Painting. Classical Greek painting reveals a grasp of linear perspective and naturalist representation which would remain unsurpassed until the Italian High Renaissance. Apart from vase-painting, all types of painting flourished during the Classical period. According to authors like Pliny CE or Pausanias active CE , the highest form was panel painting , done in encaustic or tempera.
Subjects included figurative scenes, portraits and still-lifes, and exhibitions - for instance at Athens and Delphi - were relatively common. Alas, due to the perishable nature of these panels along with centuries of looting and vandalism, not a single Greek Classical panel painting of any quality has survived, nor any Roman copy. Fresco painting was a common method of mural decoration in temples, public buildings, houses and tombs but these larger artworks generally had a lower reputation than panel paintings.
The most celebrated extant example of Greek wall painting is the famous Tomb of the Diver at Paestum c. Another famous work was created for the Great Tomb at Verfina c. The background was left white, with landscape being indicated by a single tree and the ground line. As well as the style of its background and subjects, the mural is noted for its subtle depictions of light and shadow as well as the use of a technique called Optical Fusion the juxtaposition of lines of different colours - a rather curious forerunner of Seurat's 19th century Pointillism.
The painting of stone, terracotta and wood sculpture was another specialist technique mastered by Greek artists. Stone sculptures were typically painted in bold colours; though usually, only those parts of the statue which depicted clothing, or hair were coloured, while the skin was left in the natural stone colour, but on occasion the entire sculpture was painted. Sculpture-painting was viewed a distinctive art - an early type of mixed-media - rather than merely a sculptural enhancement.
In addition to paint, the statue might also be adorned with precious materials. The most famous 5th century Classical Greek painters included: Apollodorus noted for his Skiagraphia - a primitive type of chiaroscuro ; his pupil, the great Zeuxis of Heraclea noted for his easel-paintings and trompe l'oeil ; as well as Agatharchos the first to have used graphical perspective on a large scale ; Parrhasius best known for his drawing , and his picture of Theseus in the Capitol at Rome ; and Timarete one of the greatest female Greek painters, noted for a panel painting at Ephesus of the goddess Diana.
During the late classical period BCE , which saw the flourishing of the Macedonian Empire under Philip II and his son Alexander the Great, Athens continued to be the dominant cultural centre of mainland Greece. This was the high point of ancient Greek painting, with artists like the talented and influential Apelles of Kos - official painter to Philip II of Macedonia and his son Alexander the Great - adding new techniques of highlighting, shading and colouring.
Other famous 4th century artists included Apelles' rivals Antiphilus a specialist in light and shade, genre painting and caricature and Protogenes noted for his meticulous finishing ; Euphranor of Corinth the only Classical artist to excel at both painting and sculpture ; Eupompus founder of the Sicyon school ; and the history painter Androkydes of Cyzicus known for his cntroversial history painting depicting the Battle of Plataea.
Hellenism c. The period of Hellenistic art opens with the death of Alexander the Great and the incorporation of the Persian Empire into the Greek world. By this point, Hellenism had spread throughout the civilized world, and centres of Greek arts and culture included cities like Alexandria, Antioch, Pergamum, Miletus, as well as towns and other settlements in Asia Minor, Anatolia, Egypt, Italy, Crete, Cyprus, Rhodes and the other islands of the Aegean.
Greek culture was thus utterly dominant. But the sudden demise of Alexander triggered a rapid decline of Greek imperial power, as his massive empire was divided between three of his generals - Antigonus I who received Greece and Macedonia; Seleucus I who took over controlled Anatolia, Mesopotamia and Persia; and Ptolemy I who ruled Egypt.
Paradoxically therefore, this period is marked by massive Greek cultural influence, but weakening Greek power. By 27 BCE, Greece and its empire would be ruled from Ancient Rome, but even then, the Romans would continue to revere and emulate Greek art for centuries. The division of the Greek Empire into separate entities, each with its own ruler and dynasty, created huge new opportunities for self-aggrandisement. In Asia Minor, a new capital city was built at Pergamon Pergamum , by the Attalids; in Persia, the Seleucids evolved a form of Baroque-style building design; in Egypt, the Ptolemaic dynasty constructed the lighthouse and library at Alexandria.
Palatial architecture was revitalized and numerous municipal structures were built to boost the influence of local rulers. Temple architecture, however, experienced a major slump. From BCE onwards, the Greek peripteral temple single row of pillars on all sides lost much of its importance: indeed, except for some activity in the western half of Asia Minor temple construction came to a virtual stop during the third century, both in mainland Greece and in the nearby Greek colonies.
Even monumental projects, like the Artemision at Sardis and the temple of Apollo at Didyma near Miletus, made little progress. All this changed during the second century, when temple building experienced something of a revival due partly to increased prosperity, partly to improvements made by the architect Hermogenes of Priene to the Ionic style of architecture, and partly to the cultural propaganda war waged for increased influence between the various Hellenistic kingdoms, and between them and Rome.
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