This screening can be implemented universally or can target specific high-risk patients. It is done, ideally, so carriers of infection-causing bacteria can be isolated and treated. However, an article by the Annals of Internal Medicine found that hospital-wide MRSA surveillance did significantly reduce the number of infections. Because even simple prevention strategies can be overlooked by physicians, recent research has focused on ways to institutionalize these prevention measures to encourage their consistent use throughout a facility.
The program's results found that the interventions, including a centralized team-based education program, nearly eliminated catheter-related bloodstream infections over a period of 18 months. Hospitals can also aim to prevent or reduce the overall antibiotic resistance of infection-causing bacteria. CDC has developed the Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance in Healthcare Settings to disseminate guidance on prevention of bacteria transmission and the prudent use of antimicrobials.
Create Account. However, recent studies suggest that implementing existing prevention practices can lead to up to a 70 percent reduction in certain HAIs. Risk factors for HAIs can be grouped into three general categories: medical procedures and antibiotic use, organizational factors, and patient characteristics.
Studies have shown that proper education and training of health care workers increases compliance with and adoption of best practices e. Another example of a best practice is decolonization of patients with an evidence-based method to reduce transmission of MRSA in hospitals. However, more work needs to be done. In addition, there are other major types of HAIs that HHS is working to prevent, including those caused by antibiotic-resistant pathologens:.
Research suggests that many of these infections are preventable. Efforts are under way to expand implementation of strategies known to prevent HAIs, advance development of effective prevention tools, and explore new prevention approaches.
Increasingly, health care delivery, including complex procedures, is being shifted to outpatient settings, such as ambulatory surgical centers, end-stage renal disease facilities, and long-term care facilities. These settings often have limited capacity for oversight and infection control compared to hospital-based settings. Because patients with HAIs, including HAIs caused by antibiotic resistance organisms, often move between various types of health care facilities, prevention efforts must also expand across the continuum of care.
Moreover, the challenges posed by antibiotic-resistant organisms and C. New England Journal of Medicine ; An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med. The direct medical costs of healthcare-associated infections in US hospitals and the benefits of prevention. On the flip side, however, many patients have begun to receive therapies that can weaken their immune systems.
Thomas R. We must prevent those infections that we know how to prevent. Several published HAI elimination projects have shown significant reductions—up to 70 percent—an indication that existing prevention recommendations work and that we need to continue building on these successes.
Fraser said most of the recent research and advances have taken place in hospitals, but more work needs to be done in long-term care homes, nursing homes, surgical centers, and dialysis units, as well as in the community at large. Fraser said more investment is needed to foster research on best practices to prevent HAIs. Typically, prevention has been underfunded compared to high technology and procedures.
Infection prevention is very cost effective, Fraser said, but it is seen by some administrators as a net cost, not a revenue generator.
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