An organic acid, it is a colorless liquid in its pure state with a strong acidic odor. In more dilute solution, the odor can take on a smell of overripe fruit. Acetic acid is best known as the primary flavor component of vinegar. Acetic acid is a low molecular-weight organic acid, with a lower acidity than lactic acid. It is the acid conjugate to ethanol and is often formed by the oxidation thereof. Along with water, it is the primary component in vinegar, and thus its flavor and odor are characteristic of vinegar.
The synthesis of acetic acid can occur through direct oxidation of ethanol, though this process is very slow in anaerobic conditions [ref]. Symptoms of exposure to acetic acid vapors at that level can include eye, nose and throat irritation. At ppm, marked lung irritation and possible damage to lungs, eyes and skin might result.
Exposure to acetic acid can also cause pharyngeal edema and chronic bronchitis. In general, exposure to acetic acid in concentrations above those in commercial products and preparations should be avoided, as skin and eye irritation can occur even at relatively highly diluted acid solutions. Acetic acid in its pure form Glacial acetic acid has numerous industrial uses. According to the information considered under the Ecological Risk Classification of Organic Substances Approach, acetic acid is identified as having a low ecological hazard potential.
Consumer exposure to acetic acid is usually limited to vinegar, which is a solution containing 5 percent acetic acid and not hazardous in that form. Occupational exposure to glacial acetic acid can be hazardous, and precautions should be taken to limit exposure through inhalation, and skin and eye contact. Vinegar can be used to clean some household surfaces and glass as its acidic properties can help dissolve dirt, grease and grime. However, there is a difference between cleaning and disinfecting.
Vinegar is not an EPA-registered household disinfectant and may not be as effective for killing pathogens. EPA does not review the effectiveness of common household ingredients like vinegar, and cannot verify how well it will work to kill the novel coronavirus that causes COVID Environmental Protection Agency. The Ohio State University.
National Capital Poison Control Center. Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health. Home Acetic Acid Acetic Acid. Acetic acid is a strong eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. Prolonged skin contact with glacial acetic acid may result in tissue destruction.
Inhalation exposure 8 hours to acetic acid vapors at 10 parts per million ppm could produce some irritation of eyes, nose, and throat; at ppm marked lung irritation and possible damage to lungs, eyes, and skin might result. Immediately dangerous to life or health IDLH vapor concentrations of 1, ppm cause marked irritation of eyes, nose and upper respiratory tract and cannot be tolerated.
These predictions were based on animal experiments and industrial exposure. Skin sensitization to acetic acid is rare, but has occurred. It has been reported that in 12 workers exposed for two or more years to an average acetic acid airborne concentration of 51 ppm, there were symptoms of conjunctival irritation, upper respiratory tract irritation, and hyperkeratotic dermatitis.
Exposure to 50 ppm or more is intolerable to most persons and results in intensive tearing and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, with pharyngeal edema and chronic bronchitis.
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