Descriptive annotations provide the following:. An evaluative annotation includes value judgments; it comments on the effectiveness of the work. Evaluative annotations are also called critical annotations. Evaluative annotations answer the following questions:.
A combination annotation includes elements of a descriptive and critical annotation--it summarizes as well as evaluates. Search Library Website Go. Your professor may have additional instructions for an assignment. What Is It? Purpose The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to present an overview of the published literature on a topic.
Different types of annotations serve different purposes: Descriptive annotations provide a summary of the work. Evaluative annotations criticize or include value judgments of the work. Combination annotations summarize and evaluate the work. As a result of this analysis, you are better prepared to develop your own point of view and contributions to the literature.
In summary, creating a good annotated bibliography In addition, writing an annotated bibliography helps you develop skills related to critically reading and identifying the key points of a research study and to effectively synthesize the content in a way that helps the reader determine its validity and usefulness in relation to the research problem or topic of investigation. Annotated Bibliographies.
The Writing Center. University of North Carolina; Annotated Bibliographies. Purdue University; Annotated Bibliography.
The Waldin Writing Center. Waldin University; Hartley, James. New York: Routledge, , p. NOTE: There are a variety of strategies you can use to critically evaluate a source based on its content, purpose, and format. A description of these strategies can be found here. Choosing Sources for Your Bibliography. There are two good strategies to begin identifying possible sources for your bibliography--one that looks back into the literature and one that looks forward. Your method for selecting which sources to annotate depends on the purpose of the assignment and the research problem you are investigating.
For example, if the research problem is to compare the social factors that led to protests in Egypt with the social factors that led to protests against the government of the Philippines in the 's, you will have to consider including non-U. NOTE: Appropriate sources to include can be anything that you believe has value in understanding the research problem.
Be creative in thinking about possible sources, including non-textual items, such as, films, maps, photographs, and audio recordings, or archival documents and primary source materials, such as, diaries, government documents, collections of personal correspondence, meeting minutes, and official memorandums.
Consult with a librarian if you're not sure how to locate these types of materials for your bibliography. Strategies to Define the Scope of your Bibliography.
It is important that the scope of sources cited and summarized in your bibliography are well-defined and sufficiently narrow in coverage to ensure that you're not overwhelmed by the number of potential items to consider including. Many of the general strategies used to narrow a topic for a research paper are the same that you can use to define the scope of what to include in an annotated bibliography. Examples include:. Assessing the Relevance and Value of Sources All the items included in your bibliography should reflect the source's contribution to understanding the research problem.
In order to determine how you will use the source or define its contribution, you will need to critically evaluate the quality of the central argument within the source or, in the case of including non-textual items, determine how the source contributes to understanding the research problem [e. With this in mind, determining whether a source should be included in your bibliography depends on how you think about and answer the following questions related to its content:.
Format and Content. The format of an annotated bibliography can differ depending on its purpose and the nature of the assignment. Contents may be listed alphabetically by author, arranged chronologically by publication date, or arranged under headings that list different types of sources [i. If the bibliography includes a lot of sources, items may also be subdivided thematically, by time periods of coverage or publication, or by source type. If you are unsure, ask your professor for specific guidelines in terms of length, focus, and the type of annotation you are to write.
Introduction Your bibliography should include an introduction that describes the research problem or topic being covered by the bibliography, including any limits placed on items to be included [e. The introduction's length depends, in general, on the complexity of the topic and the variety of sources included. Citation This first part of your entry contains the bibliographic information written in a standard documentation style , such as, MLA, Chicago, or APA.
Ask your professor what style is most appropriate, and be consistent! If your professor does not have a preferred citation style, choose the type you are most familiar with or that is used predominantly within your major or area of study. Annotation The second part of your entry should summarize, in paragraph form, the content of the source.
What you say about the source is dictated by the type of annotation you are asked to write [see above]. In most cases, however, your annotation should describe the content and provide critical commentary that evaluates the source and its relationship to the topic. In general, the annotation should include one to three sentences about the item in the following order : 1 an introduction of the item; 2 a brief description of what the study was intended to achieve and the research methods used to gather information; 3 the scope of study [i.
Things to think critically about when writing the annotation include:. Some site functionality may not work as expected. More Research Tools. Borrowing Services Borrowing and access privileges and services Course Reserves Library materials reserved for your classes Online Services Provides information about current online learning support and access to remote library resources Digital Scholarship Digital Scholarship, Scholarly Publishing, and Open Access services for UWB faculty and graduate students.
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